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Discontinued as of Summer Semester 2025. The concept of the separation of church and state - indeed, the idea of the modern state itself - grew out of a struggle between the kings, emperors and popes of medieval Europe. The polemics and the developments in law derived from the crucial medieval...

Victorian Britain was the first urban industrial nation. This course will examine the way that Victorian society met the challenge of industrialization, focusing on the social, cultural and political changes that took place in Britain during the 19th century. Emphasis will be placed on specific...

Formerly HIST 2241 and 2242Against the backdrop of World War II, students explore the events and circumstances which led to the division of the world into two mutually hostile camps, the communist and the capitalist, each under the aegis of the USSR and the USA respectively. This polarization of...

Early Rome and its foundation. The republic, with emphasis upon the evolution of government and pressure of war. The fall of the republican government and the triumph of Augustus. The developed Empire and the Pax Romana. Decline and fall. This course is taught at a second year level, but there is no...

Discontinued as of Summer Semester 2025. This course examines how and why Canadian cities and towns took the shape they did. Central to this understanding is an investigation of early urban forms in Canada and their antecedent and contemporary forms in Europe and the U.S. The course will explore the...