Scholarly journal articles, also known as peer-reviewed or academic articles, are articles in which researchers report their research findings, critical analyses, and new ideas. These articles have been evaluated and critiqued by other researchers and experts in the same field before they are published.
Popular magazines and newspapers contain articles written for the general public about current events and topics of popular interest. The rapid publishing process of magazines and newspapers allows their articles to contain very recent information. For some assignments, magazine and newspaper articles may not be appropriate sources to cite – make sure to check with your instructor.
| Characteristics | Scholarly | Popular |
|---|
| Purpose |
Reports research results |
Provides general information, news, entertainment |
| Audience |
Researchers, professionals, and/or specialists in the field |
General public |
| Author |
Specialist in the field; name, credentials, and affiliations are provided |
Journalist or staff writer, sometimes anonymous; usually no credentials are given |
| Language |
Scholarly or technical terms used |
Easy to understand, little or no specialized terms used |
| Length |
Usually 10 or more pages, provides in-depth analysis |
A few paragraphs to a few pages long, provides a broad overview |
| Structure |
May include distinct sections, such as abstract, methodology, results, conclusion, bibliography |
No specific format or structure |
| References |
Bibliography (works cited list) at the end and/or footnotes to document research |
Generally no bibliography; may list sources that were mentioned in the article |
| Images |
May contain charts, tables, maps, diagrams or photographs that support the text |
Large, glossy images meant to attract attention or advertise |